Multimodal AI News | October, 2026 (STARTUP EDITION)

Multimodal AI news, October 2026: see how founders use image, voice and document AI to cut admin, speed up support and win customers. Start small today.

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MEAN CEO - Multimodal AI News | October, 2026 (STARTUP EDITION) | Multimodal AI News October 2026

TL;DR: Multimodal AI News for October 2026 and What It Means for Founders

Table of Contents

Multimodal AI news, October, 2026 shows you can save hours each week by letting one AI read your photos, voice notes, PDFs and videos together. Violetta Bonenkamp (Mean CEO, founder of CADChain and Fe/male Switch) explains why text-only AI now looks dated and how small teams can profit from the shift.

  • The tech has become a commodity. IBM, Salesforce, McKinsey and Stanford HAI now define multimodal AI in almost the same words. Gartner expects 40% of generative AI tools to be multimodal by 2027, up from 1% in 2023. McKinsey reports that 78% of organisations already use AI in at least one function.
  • The money sits in boring tasks. Receipt extraction, photo-based customer support, sales call reviews and content repurposing pay off faster than flashy video generation.
  • Start small and no-code. Log every manual image, audio and video task for one week. Pick one task tied to money. Test ten real files in the assistant you already pay for, and keep a human approval step.
  • Watch the risks. Get consent before you analyse faces or voices. Keep CAD files and product designs out of tools that train on uploads. Spot-check extracted numbers and set spending limits from day one.

To see how this shift built up, compare this edition with multimodal AI news from September 2026 and the latest AI breakthroughs of October 2026. Then grab ten messy files from your business and run your first test this week.


SpaceTech News | October, 2026 (STARTUP EDITION)


Multimodal AI
When your multimodal AI can read your pitch deck, see your burn rate, and hear your investors sigh, it’s officially smarter than your entire board. Unsplash

Multimodal AI news in October 2026 points to one clear conclusion: AI that only reads text is starting to look as dated as a flip phone. I am Violetta Bonenkamp, also known as Mean CEO. I run CADChain, a deeptech company that protects CAD and 3D files, and Fe/male Switch, a startup game and online incubator for women founders. From that position, I watch this shift every single week. My engineers send me screenshots instead of bug reports, and my players upload voice notes, sketches and pitch videos. Clients drop PDFs full of charts into chat windows and expect answers in seconds.

This article explains what multimodal AI is in plain language, what the latest reference material tells us in autumn 2026, and how founders, freelancers and small business owners can use it to win real customers. I will also tell you where I think most people are wasting money. Some of my takes will sting a bit. Good. As I tell my Fe/male Switch players, “Education must be experiential and slightly uncomfortable.”


What is multimodal AI, in plain founder language?

Multimodal AI is artificial intelligence that can process and combine more than one type of data, called a modality, inside a single task. A modality in machine learning means a kind of data: text, images, audio, video, sensor signals, documents or even 3D models. The word has nothing to do with “modal windows” in web design or “transport modes” in logistics. In AI, it simply means the format of the input or output.

The Salesforce guide to multimodal AI gives a clean example: a model looks at a photo of a dog, reads a text prompt asking for the breed, and returns the correct answer. The Stanford HAI definition of multimodal AI adds that these systems can “process, understand, and generate multiple types of data modalities simultaneously.” That word “generate” matters for business owners, because output can be multimodal too: a spoken answer, a chart, an image or a video clip.

Multimodal AI vs. unimodal AI: what is the difference?

  • Unimodal AI handles ONE data type. A spam filter reads text. A face detector reads images. A transcription tool reads audio.
  • Multimodal AI handles SEVERAL data types and connects them. It can read the labels on a chart, look at the trend line and answer your spoken question about it.
  • The practical difference: unimodal tools force you to translate the world into one format first. Multimodal tools accept the messy world as it is.

The IBM explainer on multimodal AI points to a benefit that founders underestimate: “Multimodal AI systems are more resilient to noise and missing data.” If the audio is bad, the system can lean on the video. If a scanned invoice is blurry, it can lean on the surrounding text. For a small team without data cleaning staff, that resilience saves hours.


What does the multimodal AI news of October 2026 actually tell us?

I read the main reference pages that search engines and AI assistants surface for “multimodal AI” this month. Here is the pattern I see. The definitions have stopped arguing with each other. Salesforce, IBM, McKinsey, Stanford HAI, Splunk and others now describe the same thing in almost identical words. When the big names converge on a definition, the technology has moved from lab curiosity to commodity. That is the moment small businesses should pay attention, because prices fall and tools become usable without a PhD.

Trend 1: The conversation moved from “what is it” to “where does it pay off”

The Coursiv guide on multimodal AI uses, benefits and risks, published on July 20, 2026, frames the topic around where multimodal AI “genuinely helps compared with a single-modality system.” That is a mature question. It also warns that flexibility “comes with added demands around data quality, privacy, testing, and human oversight.” I agree with every word, and I will come back to oversight later.

Trend 2: Industry use cases are getting concrete

The Tile.ai breakdown of multimodal AI models and applications says these approaches are already changing healthcare and logistics. It also makes a point I love: “most real-world problems are complex and not unimodal.” Biological systems, human behaviour and physical environments all produce mixed data. The Appinventiv list of multimodal AI applications and use cases names healthcare, retail, finance and automotive as the sectors moving fastest, and flags scalability, data merging and privacy as the hard parts.

Trend 3: Embeddings and vector databases became the quiet plumbing

The Splunk introduction to multimodal AI explains that “Embedding models and vector databases translate multimodal data into a shared semantic space, powering cross-modal search.” In founder language: an embedding turns a photo, a sentence or a sound into a list of numbers, and a vector database stores those numbers so you can search by meaning. That is how you type “red sneakers with white soles” and get matching product photos, even if nobody tagged them.

Trend 4: Customer emotion is now a data source

The SuperAnnotate complete overview of multimodal AI for 2026 describes customer service teams analysing voice tone, facial expressions and written words together, and mentions Uniphore’s conversational AI platform for call centres. This is powerful and slightly creepy. I will cover the privacy side in the mistakes section.


Why should entrepreneurs and freelancers care right now?

Let’s break it down with numbers. Gartner predicted that 40% of generative AI solutions will be multimodal by 2027, up from about 1% in 2023. That is a forty-fold jump in four years. McKinsey’s 2025 State of AI research reported that 78% of organisations use AI in at least one business function. Put those two figures together and the picture is blunt: your competitors already use AI, and the AI they use is quickly becoming multimodal.

Here is why this hits small teams harder than corporations. A corporation can hire a person to transcribe calls, another to tag images and a third to summarise reports. A solo founder cannot. I call AI a “force multiplier for small teams and solo founders”, and multimodal AI multiplies that force again, because most of the boring work in a small business lives in screenshots, receipts, voice notes, Loom videos and PDFs. Text-only AI never touched half of that mess.

  • FOMO check: if you still retype information from images into spreadsheets, you are paying a hidden tax every week.
  • Speed check: a competitor who answers a customer’s photo of a broken product in two minutes will beat you answering in two days.
  • Cost check: multimodal features now ship inside mainstream assistants. Since GPT-4o, as IBM notes, ChatGPT itself handles images and audio. You likely already pay for capabilities you never use.

How does multimodal AI work under the hood?

You do not need to build a model, but you should know the three parts, because it helps you judge vendors and spot nonsense in sales pitches. SuperAnnotate and Appinventiv describe the same architecture in slightly different words.

  1. Input modules (encoders): separate neural networks process each data type. One reads pixels, one reads words, one reads sound waves. They preserve the unique structure of each format.
  2. Fusion module: the system merges the processed signals into one shared representation. This is where the photo of a cracked phone screen and the angry email about it become one understanding of one problem.
  3. Output module: the model produces a result, such as a classification, an answer, a summary, an image or a spoken reply.

Engineers also talk about early fusion (merge raw data at the start) and late fusion (process each modality separately and merge the conclusions at the end). For you as a buyer, the question to ask a vendor is simple: “What happens when one input is missing or low quality?” A good multimodal system degrades gracefully. A weak one collapses.


Which multimodal AI use cases make money for small businesses?

Here is my list of use cases that I have seen work, or that I use myself across CADChain and Fe/male Switch. I picked the ones a founder can test in a week with off-the-shelf tools.

  • Document and receipt processing: photograph invoices, contracts and receipts, then ask the AI to extract amounts, dates and parties into a table. Freelancers save their tax season with this alone.
  • Visual customer support: let customers send a photo or short video of the problem. The AI identifies the product, reads the error on the screen and drafts a reply. A small e-commerce shop selling furniture can resolve “which screw goes where” questions without a call.
  • Meeting and sales call analysis: feed the recording, the slides and the transcript together. Ask which slide made the buyer go quiet. Text-only summaries miss that.
  • Product catalogue search: use embeddings so shoppers can search by uploading a photo. Retailers mentioned by Appinventiv are already moving here.
  • Content repurposing: turn a single webinar video into a blog post, social clips, a carousel and a newsletter, with the AI pulling quotes from audio and visuals from slides.
  • Quality inspection for makers: small manufacturers and 3D printing shops photograph finished parts and ask the AI to flag visible defects against a reference image.
  • Accessibility: auto-generate alt text for images and captions for videos. Good for inclusion and for search rankings.
  • Pitch and presentation coaching: record a pitch video and ask for feedback on slides, voice pace and body language together. In Fe/male Switch, this kind of practice is exactly where founders gain confidence before facing real investors.
  • Field service and maintenance: technicians photograph a machine plate, and the AI pulls the manual page and the likely fault. Coursiv lists maintenance among the workflows multimodal AI makes more flexible.
  • Market research from the street: photograph competitor shelves, price tags and packaging, then ask for a comparison table and positioning gaps.
  • Notice a pattern? Each of these combines signals that belong to the SAME task. Coursiv puts it well: “Its value comes from combining signals that belong to the same task.” A tool that accepts fifty file types but cannot connect them is a fancy upload button.


    How do you start using multimodal AI in your startup? A step-by-step guide

    My rule is “Default to no-code until you hit a hard wall.” I built Fe/male Switch, a full role-playing incubator, on no-code tooling. You can absolutely test multimodal workflows the same way. Next steps:

    1. Audit your mess for one week. Write down every time you or your team manually look at an image, listen to audio or watch video to extract information. Count the minutes. This list is your opportunity map.
    2. Pick ONE workflow with a clear money link. Choose the task that either loses you customers (slow support) or eats founder time (admin). Ignore the shiny stuff.
    3. Write a hypothesis. Example: “If we accept photo-based support tickets and auto-draft replies, first-response time will drop from 24 hours to under 2 hours.” I treat startups as a strategic game, and every move needs a measurable goal.
    4. Test with the assistant you already pay for. Upload ten real examples into a mainstream multimodal assistant. Do not buy a new tool yet. Note where it fails.
    5. Build a tiny no-code pipeline. Connect your inbox, form or storage folder to an AI model through an automation platform. Keep a human approval step.
    6. Measure against your baseline. Time saved, error rate, customer replies. If the numbers do not move in two weeks, kill it or change the input.
    7. Write a privacy note. Decide which images, voices and faces you are allowed to process, how long you keep them and where they are stored. In Europe, GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) applies to photos and voice recordings of identifiable people.
    8. Only then consider custom development. When volume, cost or compliance makes no-code painful, you have hit the hard wall. Now hire engineers, with real data proving the case.

    What are the most common multimodal AI mistakes founders make?

    I mentor many founders, and I see the same errors repeat. Here is the list I wish someone had handed me.

    • Buying “multimodal” as a label. Vendors now slap the word on everything. Ask for a live demo with YOUR messy files, not their curated samples.
    • Feeding customer faces and voices without consent. Emotion analysis from facial expressions sounds clever. It can also land you in legal trouble and destroy trust overnight. Get explicit consent and keep a simple opt-out.
    • Removing the human from the loop. I advocate for human-in-the-loop AI: humans stay responsible for judgment, ethics and narrative, while AI handles pattern recognition and mechanical tasks. A model that misreads one digit on an invoice can cost you thousands.
    • Ignoring data quality. Blurry photos, noisy audio and half-cropped screenshots produce confident nonsense. Fix the capture step first, with simple rules like “photograph documents flat in daylight.”
    • Uploading confidential IP into public tools. This one makes my CADChain heart hurt. Engineers paste CAD screenshots and product drawings into free chatbots daily. Check the data retention terms before uploading anything that represents your competitive edge.
    • Measuring vanity metrics. “We processed 10,000 images” means nothing. Track decisions improved, hours saved and revenue protected.
    • Starting with the most exotic modality. Video generation looks sexy on LinkedIn. Receipt extraction pays your rent. Start boring.

    What do most multimodal AI articles miss? My deeper take as a European founder

    Most explainers stop at “text, images, audio and video.” That list is too short, and the gap is where small companies can win.

    Insight 1: Industrial files are the sleeping modality

    At CADChain we work with CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and 3D data every day. A CAD file is a modality with its own geometry, metadata, version history and ownership rules. Very few AI products understand it properly. Imagine a model that reads a 3D part, the engineer’s spoken comment and the supplier contract together, then flags who owns which design change. That is where I see real money for deeptech founders, far from the crowded chatbot market. The Encord overview of multimodal AI use cases already mentions “sensory data” as part of the next wave, and engineering data deserves a seat at that table.

    Insight 2: Protection must live inside the workflow

    One of my operating principles is “Protection and compliance should be invisible.” Multimodal AI makes this urgent. The more file types your team throws at AI, the more IP, personal data and trade secrets leave your building. Expecting every freelancer to read terms of service is a fantasy. The winning tools will watermark, log, restrict and anonymise automatically, the same way our Boris plugin anchors CAD files inside Autodesk Inventor without forcing engineers to become IP lawyers.

    Insight 3: Language is still the interface, so linguists have an edge

    I studied linguistics before I studied business. Here is the provocative part: even in multimodal systems, your instructions are text or speech. Pragmatics, the study of how context shapes meaning, decides whether the AI understands “check this” as “proofread this” or “verify these numbers.” Founders who learn to write precise, context-rich prompts that reference specific parts of an image (“the second column of the table on page 3”) get dramatically better results than those who upload and hope.

    Insight 4: Multimodal AI is a training tool, and most people use it as a vending machine

    In Fe/male Switch, our AI buddy and human Game Master adapt quests to each player’s decisions. When founders upload a pitch video, the point is behavioural change: speaking slower, cutting jargon, holding eye contact. If you only ask AI to produce outputs, you stay exactly as skilled as before. Use multimodal feedback to train yourself and your team, and the gains compound.

    Insight 5: Diversity is a data problem here too

    Models trained mostly on certain accents, faces and writing styles perform worse on everyone else. Appinventiv and Coursiv both mention bias as a risk. As someone who builds infrastructure for women in tech, I see this as a product gap. Founders serving underrepresented customers, regional languages or specialised accents can build defensible businesses by fixing what the giants get wrong.


    What risks come with multimodal AI for small businesses?

    Every reliable source in this month’s reading list flags risks, so here is a compact checklist you can paste into your team handbook.

    • Privacy: photos, voice and video often contain personal data. Blur faces and remove names where possible.
    • Bias: test outputs on diverse examples before you trust them with customers.
    • Hallucination across modalities: the AI may “see” text in an image that is not there. Spot-check extracted numbers.
    • IP leakage: product designs, prototypes and unreleased packaging should stay out of tools that train on user uploads.
    • Operational complexity: Coursiv warns about it directly. More inputs mean more things that can break. Document your pipeline in one page.
    • Cost creep: video and audio processing can cost far more than text. Set spending limits on your AI accounts from day one.

    Quick answers: multimodal AI FAQ for founders

    Is ChatGPT a multimodal AI?

    Yes. According to IBM, GPT-4o brought multimodal capabilities to ChatGPT, so it can work with text, images and audio. OpenAI’s earlier image model DALL-E was its first multimodal implementation built on GPT.

    Do I need a data science team to use multimodal AI?

    No. Mainstream assistants and no-code automation platforms already handle images, documents and audio. You need clear goals, clean inputs and a human reviewer.

    Which industries use multimodal AI the most?

    Healthcare, retail, finance, automotive and logistics lead, based on Appinventiv and Tile.ai. Autonomous vehicles are the classic case, combining camera, lidar and radar data to navigate.

    What is the cheapest way to test multimodal AI?

    Take ten real files from your business, upload them to an assistant you already pay for, and compare the results with what a human would produce. That costs you an afternoon.

    Where can I read a business-focused overview?

    The McKinsey explainer on what multimodal AI is gives a short executive-friendly summary, and the IBM and Splunk guides go further into the technical side.


    What should you do next?

    The multimodal AI news of October 2026 is quiet in a revealing way. No single announcement dominates. The definitions have settled, the use cases have become concrete, and the warnings about privacy, bias and oversight now appear in every serious guide. That is the signature of a technology entering everyday business. The founders who move now will build habits and data advantages while others are still reading definitions.

    Here is your homework, Mean CEO style:

    1. This week: log every manual image, audio and video task in your business.
    2. Next week: pick one task tied to money and test it with your existing AI assistant.
    3. Within a month: build a no-code pipeline with a human approval step and a written privacy rule.
    4. Every quarter: review what you upload, who can see it and whether your IP stays protected.

    Treat your startup like a strategic game. Your goal is to collect information, assets and relationships faster than your competitors, and multimodal AI is one of the best moves on the board this year. Play it with your eyes open, keep a human in charge, and START with the boring task that pays your bills.


    People Also Ask:

    Is ChatGPT a multimodal model?

    Yes, current versions of ChatGPT are multimodal. When it launched in 2022, ChatGPT was unimodal. It accepted text inputs and produced text outputs only. Newer models such as GPT-4V and GPT-4o can accept images, audio, and files alongside text, and they can respond with speech or generated images.

    What is the difference between generative AI and multimodal AI?

    Generative AI describes what a system does: it creates new content such as text, images, music, or code. Multimodal AI describes what kinds of data a system can handle: it works with more than one type of input or output, like text, images, and audio together. The two overlap but are not the same. A text-only chatbot is generative but not multimodal. An image-classification system that reads photos and captions may be multimodal without generating anything new. Many modern tools, like GPT-4o and Google Gemini, are both.

    Can you give me an example of multimodal AI?

    Google Gemini is a well-known example. It was built from the start to handle text, code, images, audio, and video natively. You can upload a photo of a broken appliance, ask a spoken question about it, and receive a written answer. OpenAI's GPT-4o is another example, since it processes text, voice, and visuals in one model. DALL-E 3 also counts because it turns text prompts into detailed images.

    Which is the best multimodal AI?

    There is no single best multimodal AI, because the right choice depends on the task. OpenAI's GPT-4o is popular for real-time voice and image conversations. Google Gemini stands out for handling long videos, documents, and code within one model. Anthropic's Claude is strong at reading charts, screenshots, and documents. For image generation, DALL-E 3 and Midjourney are common picks. Before deciding, compare models on the input types you need, along with accuracy, price, and speed.

    How does multimodal AI work?

    Multimodal AI uses separate encoders, or sub-networks, to process each data type. A vision encoder handles images, an audio encoder handles sound, and a language model handles text. Each encoder converts its input into vectors, which are numerical representations placed in a shared mathematical space. A fusion module then combines these vectors so the model can link a spoken word to an object in a picture. A decoder then produces the output, whether that is text, speech, or an image.

    What is the difference between unimodal and multimodal AI?

    Unimodal AI works with a single type of data. A traditional language model only reads and writes text, and a classic computer vision model only analyzes images. Multimodal AI accepts and connects several data types at once, such as text, images, audio, and video. This lets it form a fuller picture of context, much like people combine sight, sound, and language to make sense of the world.

    What is multimodal generative AI?

    Multimodal generative AI refers to models that can both take in and create content across more than one format. It might read a text prompt and produce an image, describe a video in words, turn a sketch into working code, or answer a voice question with spoken audio. Tools like GPT-4o, Gemini, and Sora fall into this group because they mix input and output types instead of working with text alone.

    What are common use cases of multimodal AI?

    Multimodal AI appears across many industries:

    • Healthcare: Combining clinical notes, voice recordings, and medical scans like X-rays or MRIs to support more accurate diagnoses.
    • Autonomous Vehicles: Merging camera feeds, radar, GPS, and audio cues to move safely through traffic.
    • Customer Service: Listening to a spoken question while reviewing an uploaded photo or document to give a relevant reply.
    • Content Creation: Generating images, video, or audio from written prompts.
    • Accessibility: Describing images aloud for people with visual impairments and generating captions for videos.

    What are the main parts of a multimodal AI architecture?

    Most multimodal AI systems have three building blocks:

    • Input Modules (Encoders): Separate networks that process each data type, such as text, images, or audio.
    • Fusion Module: The component that merges the encoded data into one shared representation so the model can reason across formats.
    • Output Module (Decoder): The part that produces the final result, such as a written answer, a generated image, or synthesized speech.

    What are the challenges of multimodal AI?

    Multimodal AI is harder to build than single-mode systems. Training requires large datasets where different formats are properly paired, such as images with accurate captions, and these datasets are expensive to collect and label. Aligning data that arrives at different speeds or resolutions, like video frames and audio, is tricky. These models also demand heavy computing power and can inherit bias from training data. They raise privacy concerns as well when they process faces, voices, or medical records.


    FAQ on Multimodal AI for Startups and Founders in 2026

    What is the difference between multimodal AI and multimodal learning?

    Multimodal learning is the training method. It teaches a model to align text, images, audio and other signals in one shared representation. Multimodal AI is the finished product that applies this learning to real tasks. Founders usually buy multimodal AI, while research teams build multimodal learning. See how the June edition explains both terms.

    How can I keep multimodal AI costs low as usage grows?

    Shrink images before upload, trim silence from audio, and send only the video frames that matter. Route simple tasks to smaller or local models, and save premium multimodal APIs for hard cases. Track cost per completed task, not per file. Compare lower-cost local AI models for founders.

    How do multimodal AI and AI agents work together?

    Multimodal models give agents eyes and ears, and agents let those models take action. For example, an agent can read a customer screenshot, check your order system and draft a refund. Limit agent permissions, log every action and keep human sign-off on payments. Explore supervised AI operating teams.

    Can multimodal AI understand sensor, wearable or machine data?

    Yes. Newer models treat sensor streams as a language, as Google's SensorLM does for wearables. Hardware, health-tech and IoT founders can combine sensor logs with photos and technician notes to predict failures. Start by giving all data sources consistent timestamps. Read about SensorLM and the end of text-only AI.

    Should startups choose open-source or proprietary multimodal models?

    Proprietary APIs get you launched faster with a more polished product. Open-source models offer better privacy, customisation and long-term cost, especially when you process sensitive files on your own servers. Prototype on an API, then test an open model on the same files before scaling. Track open-source AI pricing pressure in 2026.

    How should I structure prompts that include images or documents?

    Name each file, explain its role, point to exact regions and define the output format, such as a JSON table. Ask the model to flag unreadable areas instead of guessing. Save prompts that work well as shared team templates so results stay consistent. Master prompting for startups.

    How do I test a multimodal AI vendor's accuracy before signing a contract?

    Build a test set of 30 to 50 real files, including blurry photos and noisy audio, with answers checked by a human. Score each input type separately, then score them combined. Ask the vendor for error rates, data retention terms and a human override option. Review Coursiv's guidance on multimodal testing and oversight.

    How does multimodal AI change SEO and product discovery?

    Search engines and AI assistants now match images, video and text by meaning using shared embeddings. Use descriptive filenames, original photos, video transcripts and structured product data so your content is understood in every format. Visual search rewards catalogues with clean, consistent imagery. Understand cross-modal search with embeddings and vector databases.

    How can multimodal AI improve my product's user interface?

    Let users speak, point, upload or gesture instead of filling in forms. Combining voice with screenshot input makes onboarding easier, and gesture or touch input helps in field apps and vehicles. Always offer a text option for accessibility and noisy environments. See multimodal human-computer interaction examples.

    What data preparation does a custom multimodal AI system need?

    Pair each input correctly, so the photo, the note and the outcome all describe the same event. Standardise file formats, label unusual cases and record consent for every file. Mismatched pairs teach models false connections, which does more damage than missing data. Learn about feature extraction and modality alignment.


    MEAN CEO - Multimodal AI News | October, 2026 (STARTUP EDITION) | Multimodal AI News October 2026

    Violetta Bonenkamp, also known as Mean CEO, is a female entrepreneur and an experienced startup founder, bootstrapping her startups. She has an impressive educational background including an MBA and four other higher education degrees. She has over 20 years of work experience across multiple countries, including 10 years as a solopreneur and serial entrepreneur. Throughout her startup experience she has applied for multiple startup grants at the EU level, in the Netherlands and Malta, and her startups received quite a few of those. She’s been living, studying and working in many countries around the globe and her extensive multicultural experience has influenced her immensely. Constantly learning new things, like AI, SEO, zero code, code, etc. and scaling her businesses through smart systems.